|
|
Fate of micropollutants during vermicomposting
Grasserová, Alena ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Macek, Tomáš (referee) ; Lhotský, Ondřej (referee)
Vermicomposting is recently becoming a rather popular environmentally friendly technique for stabilizing biowaste, including sewage sludge. There is an effort to utilize the sewage sludge as fertilizer on agricultural land. But apart from nutrients, the sludge also contains harmful pollutants, which subsequently after its deposition on fields can be taken up by plants and organisms contaminating the food chains. Micropollutants, the substances that can be found throughout the environment in trace concentrations, are one of the pollutants occurring in sludge. It is for example pharmaceuticals and personal care products, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or pesticides. Their negative effects are known - they can be for instance endocrine disruption, antibiotic resistance, or the development of cancer. Although the deposition of sewage sludge on fields as a fertilizer is one of the main introduction routes of micropollutants to the environment, the content of micropollutants before deposition is not monitored nor regulated. This dissertation focuses on the fate of micropollutants during vermicomposting, especially in sewage sludge substrates. The vermicomposting method was applied to stabilize coffee spent grounds and sewage sludge obtained from distinct wastewater treatment plants mixed with...
|
|
|
Hygienization of dewatered sewage sludge using vermicomposting process under field conditions
Fojtová, Zuzana ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Grasserová, Alena (referee)
Sewage sludge is a waste material that is a valuable source of organic matter and nutrients and is used as a fertiliser on agricultural land in many countries around the world. However, the application of sewage sludge carries risks associated with the presence of pathogenic micro- organisms and other undesirable substances in this material and in many countries sewage sludge must meet limits for land application. Vermicomposting of these materials can be one effective way of reducing pathogens in sewage sludge. In this thesis, I investigated the effectiveness of sanitizing sewage sludge in the vermicomposting process under field conditions. The experiment was conducted in an earthen vermicomposter with a total working volume of 10.5 m3 near the village of Hrbov, near Lhenice in the South Bohemia region. Hygienization efficiency was measured using a test with an introduced microorganism (E. coli). The test was modified for the vermicomposting process. In the experiment, a mixture of sewage sludge mixed with birch chips in a ratio of 1:1.5 (sludge: chips) was (i) vermicomposted for six months, (ii) composted only, and (iii) composted for one month and then vermicomposted. In addition to the evaluation of the hygienisation efficiency of the different options, the stability and possible phytotoxicity...
|
|
|
Advantages and disadvantages of vermicomposting toilets
Svačinová, Kateřina ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Šereš, Michal (referee)
Decentralized human excreta sanitation systems, which include latrines or composting toilets for example, are among the sustainable methods of dealing with this biological waste. One possible way of dealing with human excrement is the vermicomposting method. This work deals with decentralized caused excreta sanitation using a vermicomposting toilet. The aim of the work was to evaluate the applicability of the vermicomposting method for the sanitation of human excrement and to compare this approach with more widespread methods of so-called dry sanitation, such as a composting toilet. The principles of both methods, the necessary conditions for the successful course of the process and the quality of the resulting sanitation products were described. Attention was focused not only on the presence of pathogenic organisms and the effectiveness of individual systems in their removal, but also on other possible pollutants from the group of personal care products or, for example, microplastics. Their potential effect on earthworm viability was also discussed. Other toilet paper can also be an important source of unwanted contamination. Part of the work was cooperation in the realization of an experimental vermicomposting toilet in the Dvůr Perlová voda complex in Kostelec nad Ohří. I found that...
|
|
|
New methods of separation and processing of food waste in disposable packaging
Pokorný, Tomáš ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Šereš, Michal (referee)
Waste in general and plastic in particular is a big problem nowadays. The Czech Republic ranks among the winners in the sorting of plastic waste, but not all sorted waste is further used. According to the Plastics Europe portal (2022), the most used method of handling plastic waste in Europe is energy recovery, followed by recycling. It is precisely the increased share of recycling that would better correspond to the principles of the circular economy, which is why in my work I dealt with a new method of separation and processing of food waste in disposable packaging and the subsequent assessment of the usability of the separated plastics. Currently, the used method is waste crushing, separation of the biological component and its energy use in a biogas station. In the theoretical part of my bachelor's thesis, I focused on the general characteristics of vermicomposting, packaging, recycling, plastic waste, and last but not least, I describe the methods of handling bio-waste in supermarkets. Part of the work was an experiment that verified the potential of a newly designed method of separating biowaste and plastic disposable packaging using earthworms on a pilot scale. The experiment was based on the assumption that the earthworms used would be able to transform food waste in disposable packaging...
|
|
| |
|
|
Zhodnocení odpadu z akvakultury
LUNDA, Roman
Water treatment technology has undergone a dynamic development in recent years with new treatment methods rapidly emerging. Constructed wetlands, aerobic composting, anaerobic treatment, enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis, and aquaponics are conventional and well-known technologies used in aquaculture waste reduction, valorisation, and recycling. All aquaculture waste can be valorised by several technologies. Novel technologies are mainly applied to recycle resources or produce valuable by-products, including biodiesel, fish silage, biochar, lactic acid, hydrogen, and insect larvae growth from aquaculture sludge, as well as phytoremediation and biofloc technology for aquaculture sludge treatment. Chapter 2 documented the composition of sludge and wastewater from several RASs. The results show a possibility of wastewater utilization for plant production in the form of aquaponic or hydroponic systems. The benefits of aquaponics relate not only to the efficient uses of land, water and nutrient resources, but also allow for the increased integration of smart energy opportunities such as biogas and solar power. In this regard, aquaponics is a promising technology for producing both high-quality fish protein and vegetables in ways that can use substantially less land, less energy and less water - while also minimizing chemical and fertilizer inputs that are used in conventional food production. Chapter 2 also evaluated nutrient concentration according to RAS adjustment and the problem of high sodium concentrations. There is no perfect composition of sludge or wastewater for the requirements of plants. But its nutrient value can reduce costs for hydroponics nutrient solution production. Creating valuable fertilizer matter by vermicomposting represents a very promising technique for the future. This technology does not require unnecessarily high costs and its environment friendly. Chapter 3 documents aquaculture sludge composition and utilization for earthworm vermiculture. This chapter also includes toxicity and other possibilities for aquaculture sludge utilization as direct field application. This gives sludge from standard freshwater RAS a great opportunity and opens the doors for its direct use in the vermicomposting sector. It is well known that aquaculture solids treatment can be profitable thanks to biofloc technology. This technology presents a pillar in aquaculture waste valorisation. Leveraging nutrient rich biomass from biofloc technology as a potential feed source was presented in Chapter 4. It has been proven that almost 33% of feed could be replaced by biofloc meal for crayfish culture. The biggest problems of aquaculture waste valorisation by plenty of possible technologies is its variability. To achieve the ideal composition, it is necessary to choose the right approach in the aquaculture system. However, further research and developments are needed, as demonstrated by the challenges described in this thesis.
|
|
| |
|
|
Vliv vermikompostu na vybrané vlastnosti půdy a rostlin
Dvořáčková, Lucie
Soil is a fundamental source of terrestrial life. It will be more and more important source in the future. The soil is degradated, an organic matter is decreasing. The regular measure of quality humus, which is the basic factor of soil fertility is necessary for keeping quality properties of soil. One of the means of processing of biologically dissoluble wastes is the process of vermicomposting, when are earthworms used for the produce. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to broad the information about vermicomposting to the society, explain the diferences between composting and vermicomposting. Then is necessary to establish an experiment which has an important role in a comparising of selected physical and also chemical properties of soil and vermicompost and their consecutive combination. This experiment had to choose which of these enviroments would be more optimal for the plants and could provide them the best conditions for their growth and vegetation.
|
|
|
Rozdíly v biologicky rozložitelných komunálních odpadech z domácností vzhledem k typu zástavby
Malsová, Anna
This thesis deals with the Differences in biodegradable municipal waste from households due to the type of buildings. The first part defines basic concepts and legislation relating to municipal waste. There is characterized by the concept of composting, waste, energy recovery, etc.. The next part focuses on the historical development and current biowaste management and potential problems. Much of the work is devoted to composting in the Czech Republic. Finally, work is discussed environmental acceptability of waste management in the Czech Republic.
|
|
|
Změna produkčních charakteristik modelových rostlin po aplikaci vermikompostu s přídavkem bakteriálního inokula
Malsová, Anna
This diploma thesis deals with the change of production characteristics of model plants after application of vermicompost with addition of bacterial inoculum. In this work is elaborated a literature review focused on the process of vermicomposting, composting and stimulation of the root system of cultural crops using symbiotic or growth-promoting microorganisms. In addition, a practical experiment was carried out - an in-house vessel experiment with model plants was established, which was evaluated. The resulting data suggest that the most suitable variants in the formation of above-ground biomass were those containing vermicompost. The highest weight of aboveground biomass was achieved in vermicompost with the addition of Rizocore, where the production of aboveground biomass was increased 1.5 times compared to control soil.
|
guest ::
